Category Archives: Mood Management

Building More Frequent and Lasting Positive Moods

Positive Questions for Powerful Change

Question MarkWhat if you could trick your brain into making all the right choices for you?   What if you sneakily set it up to choose the apple over the chocolate cake, of to stick out its tongue at your impulse to put that tempting trinket on your credit card?

Way back in 1980, Master NLP trainer Rex Steven Sikes, discovered a simple way that anyone can use to direct their thinking toward finding the solutions they were after.  He called it Directed Questions™.   Unfortunately, the method never got the attention it deserved.

Then, in 2008, Noah St. John stumbled on the method one morning in his shower when he was mulling over the lack of result he was getting using affirmations to create new behaviors.  He called it Afformations™ and has been making a great living telling people about it ever since.

In that same year, motivational trainer Kevin Hogan  picked up the idea and gave it the descriptive—and non-trademarked—name “positive affirmative questions.”

That’s what I call it, too; I abbreviate it as PAQ .    And because it’s one of the easiest and most powerful tools you can add to your personal growth toolkit, I want to share it with you today.

So, What’s a Positive Affirmative Question?

Simply put, a PAQ is a question you ask yourself in order to focus your brain on a positive behavior or attitude that you want to create or expand.

Their power comes from your mind’s need to search for answers to questions that you pose to it, and from the fact that, unlike affirmations, PAQs don’t give your brain something to argue with.

Let me give you an example.  Suppose you want to lose weight.  You could bombard your brain with an affirmative statement like “I enjoy eating healthy foods and exercising every day.”   That might help.  But if it were true, you would be eating healthily and exercising already.   So some part of your brain considers it a lie—or, at best, a wish—and refuses to see it as a reality.

But suppose, instead, you asked yourself, “How many ways can I find to eat healthier foods?”  and “How can I add more activity to my day?”  how do you think your brain would react?

Here are a few more examples of positive affirmative questions:
(Note: when you say “I wonder…” you’re really asking a question.)

  • Why do I feel so good about myself now?
  • What’s good about this situation?
  • How quickly can I finish this project and do a fantastic job?
  • I wonder how soon I can reach my ideal weight?
  • How many ways can I find to stay within my budget?
  • What are some fun ways that I can learn this faster?
  • Why am I seeing so many great traits in my partner now?
  • Why am I feeling so much more confident now?
  • What’s good about this situation?

Why Positive Affirmative Questions Work

Rex Sikes, the fellow who calls these Directed Questions™, explains that questions direct the mind.  They send it inexorably on a search for answers.  They focus you on what you want and help you discover avenues for getting it.  And what we focus on becomes dominant in our lives.

Sikes claims they have 300-400 times more power than affirmations do.

Because PAQs are rooted in positive assumptions about your life rather than negative ones, they’re empowering.   They utilize your imagination and creativity and put your focus on you want instead of what you lack.  “Why am I so fortunate now?”  “How can I slim down and enjoy the process?”

A third reason for their power is that the answers come from within you.  They’re from the expert who knows you best, not some outside authority or guru.  So they feel more authentic, making it natural for you to accept the answers they generate for you.

When PAQs Backfire

Unlike affirmations, PAQs have a very low backfire potential.   When you use affirmations your mind has that tendency to argue with you.  If you say “I easily and confidently close sales,” your brain is likely to scoff, “You do not, you big coward.  You fumble and bumble and blow it every time.”

Well, on rare occasions—and I do mean rare– some PAQs can backfire, too.  It’s happened to me.  “Why am I so happy now?” was a signature question for me a couple years ago.  It’s what motivated me to start my blog, High on Happiness and I use it to this day.

Sometimes, in the beginning, when I was in a particular funk and I asked it, a grumpy inner voice would growl at me, “I’m not happy.  I’m a miserable wretch.”   And you know what I did?  I refused to accept that as an answer and growled right back, “I know you’re not happy.  But why am I so happy now?”  And my brain would, Oh!” as if it understood now, and go in search of things that were delightful, or comforting, or satisfying in my world.

Of course I was a newbie with PAQs at the time.  If I had understood them as well then as I do now, I would have known to rephrase the question:  “What are some ways I can begin to feel happier now?”  or “I wonder how many things I can find to feel happier about?”

I could even have used a PAQ to find a better question.  “What are some questions I could ask to help myself feel happier now?”

How to Put Positive Affirmative Questions To Work for You

By now, you probably see how easy it is to create PAQs.  First, you decide what you want—a change in attitude, a new approach to something, a behavior change, even a tangible acquisition.

Next, you form a question based around it, using words like “why,” “what,” “how,” “how many,” “how quickly” and “I wonder.”

Finally, you take action on the answers—not only because the answers will lead to success,  but to reinforce the whole process and prove its worth to you.

Sikes recommends that you think up questions for yourself every morning and every night, and that you practice with the method for 21 days in a row.   If you decide to adopt this as your positivity practice for the month, I guarantee that one month from now, you’ll see concrete evidence of this little tool’s mighty power.

You can start right now.  Ask yourself, “How many ways can I show Susan how much I liked this article?”

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Starting Anew: Three Easy Steps to a Happy New Year

WhooHoooo!  Here comes another one!  A brand new, never-before-seen year is inching toward the horizon.

What are you going to do with it?  More of the same?  Something new?

If “more of the same means” life has been grand and your intention is only to make it even better, super!  And if you want to change a few things, that’s great, too.  “Better and better and better” is what gives life its zing.

Of course we don’t need a whole brand new year in order to make new beginnings.  Every morning, every moment, holds the potential for making new choices and reaffirming old ones.  The key to personal power is owning the choices that are ours to make.

The problem is that it’s not always easy to recognize those choices, let alone embrace them.  We get so mired in programmed behaviors and old stories that we lose sight of our alternatives.  But here’s a way to spot them, and it’s as easy as 1-2-3.

Finding Your Path to Happiness

If you’re looking for ways to define the choices that can give you fresh direction for the New Year, think about what brought you the greatest joy, satisfaction or personal pride in the year that’s so quickly coming to a close.  Then decide to do more of it.

That’s a formula that’s sure to bring you good fortune.   And unlike formulating  resolutions based on heavy “shoulds,” you won’t give up on it three weeks down the road.

It’s easy and fun to do.  Here’s a simple 3-step process:

Step 1

Look back over the past year—longer, if you like, and jot down ten experiences that brought you happiness, satisfaction, or meaning.   You can use the following question to trigger positive memories.

  • When did you feel most alive?
  • Whose company did you most enjoy?
  • What achievements left you with a soaring sense of accomplishment?
  • What activities gave you the most pleasure?
  • When did you feel most relaxed and complete?
  • When did you feel most authentic?  The most free?
  • What did you learn that was most valuable for you? What helped you grow?
  • What gave your life a sense of meaning in the past year?

Step 2

Let yourself remember and savor the experiences that  you wrote down in Step 1.  Which five stand out as the best?  Try to re-create the memories that triggered them so they’re vivid and alive for you.  Where were you?  Who was with you? What did it look like?  What did you hear?  What did you feel?

Ask yourself what made each of these five experiences so good for you.  What part of it was especially pleasurable, or meaningful or satisfying for you?

Step 3

For each answer, brainstorm a list of ways you could bring more of these kinds of experiences into your life in the year ahead.

Why Bother?

When I read lists like the one above, I usually just read them and stop there.   The idea of doing the exercise is interesting, but actually doing it sounds too much like work.  Besides, if you’re like me, you probably tell yourself that you don’t have time right now.

But let me ask you, is that really true?  What would it be worth to you to have a genuinely clear, vibrant, appealing sense of direction as you step into the weeks ahead?

Well, according to happiness researchers Foster and Hicks, one of the things that the happiest people among us have in common is that they know what brings them joy. (See Who’s Driving Your Happiness Bus?  ) Not only that, but they make the conscious choice to ensure that they give those things have a place in their lives as often as possible.

Planning for increased happiness is wise because happiness brings all kinds of benefits in addition to experiencing the pleasure, satisfaction and meaning it provides.  According to the work of positive psychology researchers like Dr. Barbara Fredrickson and Sonja Lyubomirsky, it promotes better health. It enables you to be more resilient and resourceful when life’s challenges come your way.  It makes you more attractive to other people because they enjoy its contagious effects.  It gives you greater calm and a greater sense of authenticity.  Looking forward to positive events increases your sense of purpose.

It makes you strong.  It makes you whole.

And all this can begin by simply writing down a little list of the things that brought you joy and choosing to do more of them in the New Year.

That’s why you should bother.

It makes you strong, and vital, and whole.

Give it a try!  You have everything to gain, including a fresh, new direction for your brand new year.

 

 

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How to Make Your Optimism Soar

Soaring Optimism“Whether you think that you can or think that you can’t,” said Henry Ford, “you’re usually right.”

And right, too, was Mr. Ford’s astute observation.   Our beliefs about what we can achieve play a key part in our motivation, determination and success in any endeavor.

Optimists—those who believe in their goals, in the likelihood of their acquiring the means to achieve them, and in themselves—are much more likely to achieve success than the pessimist, whose thoughts are filled with doubt.

The good news is that all of us can pump up our optimism quota; we can build our personal stores of positivity and hope.

Where you currently fall on the optimism/pessimism continuum is a matter of how you habitually evaluate your experiences.  In other words, it’s rooted in the kinds of stories you tell yourself about the things that happen in your life.  Note that word “habitually.”  Your views aren’t inborn; they’re  interpretation styles that you learned, and you can learn to change them.

In his book, Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life, positive psychology founder Dr.Martin Seligman describes three facets of how we explain a situation to ourselves.  And it’s these three facets that are measured in the Learned Optimism Quiz that I mentioned in my last post.

If you took the quiz,  you may be wondering what that terms meant in the breakdown of your score.  (If you haven’t taken the quiz, you may want to stop reading here before you take it, because this information may skew your score.  Take the quiz first if you’re curious about your optimism level; then come back.)

 

The Three Faces of Optimism

The test scores are measurements of the three facets of optimism that Dr. Seligman identified: Permanence, Pervasiveness, and Personalization.

Permanence means you think the situation will endure over time, that it’s relatively unchanging.  Pervasiveness means you think the situation affects everything in your life.  And Personalization means you think of yourself as the cause of what happened.

When bad things happen, pessimists think they will last forever, or that they will happen over and over.  Not only that, but the bad thing ruins everything for them and it’s all their own fault.

Optimists, on the other hand, think that the bad thing that happened is a temporary situation.  It happened and it’s over.  Tomorrow will be a new day.   They also see the unhappy situation as having limited impact.  It might affect how well they do on the report they have to give today, but it has nothing to do with their family life or how much they enjoy their partner.  And they tend to put the blame for it outside themselves.  The bus was late today.  The dog ate the homework.

When good things happen, the stories optimists and pessimists tell themselves are exactly the opposite.

Pessimists think the good thing was a fluke; optimists think it’s the way things normally go.  For the pessimist, the good thing is an isolated event; the report went well, but it doesn’t mean the dinner date is going to be great.  The optimist lets the happiness of the good thing generalize to all aspects of her life.  The pessimist gives the credit for the good thing that happened to something outside himself:  “Thank goodness the questions he asked were the ones that I happened to know.”  The optimist gives herself credit:  “I’m always so well-prepared.”

This is what the scores on the Stanford quiz describe:  whether you think bad things are permanent, all pervasive and your fault, and whether you think good things are enduring, universal in scope, and to your credit.   Your overall score is the total of your scores for interpreting fortunate or good events minus your scores for interpreting the unfortunate or bad ones.

Here’s a little chart that makes it easier to visualize:

Watch Your Words

I started last week’s article by quoting my pessimistic friend Jake: “Nothing ever works out for me. Every time I think things are finally going smooth, something happens.”  Did you notice the words “nothing” and the phrase “every time?”

Along with “always,” these are key words to watch for when you set out to see how you are evaluating situations.  Whether they’re flags of a positive or negative way of looking at something depends on whether it was a good or bad event.  (Check the table above.)

It’s the negative evaluations that you want to watch for when you’re planning to build your optimism.  Listen to yourself for phrases like these:

  • I’m such a bad . . .
  • I’m no good at . . .
  • I can’t ever . . .
  • I’m so (stupid; ugly; worthless; clumsy; useless; careless; irresponsible; undisciplined; lazy; forgetful; old; fat; etc.)
  • I’ll never be able to . . .
  • I’m so terrible at . . .
  • It’s all my fault

 

Antidotes for Toxic Words

When you catch yourself using phrases like this, stop and hear what you just said.  Then ask yourself:

  • Is that really true?  What evidence do I have?
  • How else could I look at this situation?
  • When have I acted differently in this kind of circumstance?

For more information about how to deal with these kinds of Automatic Negative Thoughts (“ANTs”) and phrases, see Making Ants Dance: The Practice of Overcoming Negative Thoughts.

Paying attention to the way we talk to ourselves about what is happening in our lives, how we interpret and judge things is half the battle in correcting habitual pessimism.

 

Building Hopefulness

If you haven’t yet downloaded the free Quick Start Guide offered at the top right of the page, please grab it!  In it you’ll find eight powerful practices you can put into play to help you build more positivity in your life.

Among the most powerful of these is the Three Good Things practice.  You can also read about it here.

If you want to boost your capacity for hope-filled, optimistic living even more try these:

  • Learn and practice meditation.  Here’s a good video on the basics (Bear with the quick advertising lead.):

How To Meditate on Howcast

 

  • Identify your strengths and play with using one of your top five strengths for a week at a time.  You may want to keep notes on your experiences.
  • Savor past successes and good times.  When you’re enjoying yourself, slow down and get into the feeling.  Look back on the times you succeeded in the past; remember the details and how good you felt.  Try to recapture the feeling.
  • As awkward as it may seem at first, learn to brag a little.  Practicing saying good things about yourself to yourself and to others.

Remember that what you focus on tends to expand in your experience.  You’re free to continue cementing your habit of looking at and generalizing the things that go wrong.  Or you can decide to begin paying attention to, and celebrating, all the things that go right.

The wonderful thing about positivity—as study after study shows—is that it builds on itself.  Once you can generate three positive experiences for yourself for every negative one, you’ll have entered the upward spiral of increasing positivity where optimism soars.

Yes, it takes some effort.  Yes, you do have to pay attention and do the work of questioning your negative evaluations of your circumstances.  But you can get hooked on feeling more hope, satisfaction, confidence, meaning and happiness pretty quickly, and the payoff for the little bit of work involved is phenomenal.  It’s like waking from weeks of gloomy days to discover that the sky is endlessly blue and the sun is shining—just for you.

 

 

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How Optimistic Are You, Really?

Glass Half Full

“Nothing ever works out for me,” Jake told me for the hundredth time.  “Every time I think things are finally going smooth, something happens.”

“Well, then,” I joked, “Maybe you better give up thinking!”

He laughed and then told me about his latest misfortune. It’s only his sense of humor that keeps him from sinking completely into the depression he continuously fights.
Jake’s the most confirmed pessimist that I know.  And yet, according to an article in WebMD magazine, he has a lot of company.  50% of Americans, the article reports, assume things are always getting worse.

Given that percentage, it came as no surprise to me when USA Today reported earlier this month that the number of Americans taking antidepressant drugs doubled in the last decade.   Pessimism makes us vulnerable to depression’s snare.

How about you?  If you were to take a quiz about your level of optimism, how would you rate?  If you’re like me, you might be surprised.

Take the Optimism Quiz—I Double Dog Dare You

As an ardent student of positivity who makes every effort to walk my talk, I blithely assumed I’d get gold stars for optimism when I took this brief 15-question quiz.  So when my results said “You’re a Pessimist” and told me that I only scored 60%, I was shocked.

Optimistically, I blamed the test construction, and went off in search of a better quiz.
I found one, too.  This one, from Stanford University, is scientifically grounded and based on the work of Dr. Martin Seligman, one of the founders of positive psychology.  After doing extensive research in learned helplessness, Dr. Seligman set out to investigate optimism and to see if it could be learned as well.  He chronicles his findings in his book Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life, and it’s on his research that this test is based.

The results aren’t delivered to you in a single score—although the various parts of it are totaled to give you an overall reading.  And it was a big help in showing me where I was pessimistic in my thinking and why I ranked as a pessimist in the simpler quiz.

To my relief, it also showed me where I was strong in optimism.

 

Why Knowing Matters

Getting insight into the ways I was evaluating situations pessimistically was really valuable for me.  I could see right away how my viewpoint operated in my life, where it served me well, and where it was getting my way.   Armed with my new knowledge about myself, I can begin to be more aware of how I interpret things and to make conscious choices that will increase my well-being.

Knowing your weaknesses and strengths is always an asset.  When you’re aware of behaviors that are preventing you from being all you can be, you can begin to make changes in a more freeing direction.

Next week I’ll describe the aspects of optimism that the Learned Optimism Quiz measures.  If I told you about them today, the information might skew your answers to the quiz.  And it’s important that you get accurate results.

 

The Perils of Pessimism

Even if you don’t especially enjoy taking quizzes, may I strongly suggest that you take this one?  It will only take you a few minutes, and if you have some invisible areas of pessimism in your life, it’s important for you to know.

It’s more than a matter of how much you enjoy your life—although pessimism is definitely a joy-stealer.  Whether you look at life’s perils instead of its promises can impact your life in a number of serious ways.  Here’s what the research shows:

  • Pessimistic people are more likely to suffer from depression and sadness;
  • Performance at work, school and sport is dragged down by pessimism;
  • Pessimists rarely venture outside their comfort zone;
  • Pessimistic people are less likely to use their  talents as fully as they might, robbing themselves of the enjoyment of self-expression;
  • Pessimistic people are poor leaders compared to their optimistic peers;
  • Pessimistic people have weaker immune systems and poorer health.  They catch colds more frequently and are more likely to suffer a second heart attack.
  • They don’t live as long as optimists. They suffer the chronic diseases of aging earlier and more severely;
  • Pessimistic people are more easily knocked down by life’s disappointments and setbacks; their resilience is low, and so is their ability to persevere when obstacles arise;
  • They miss out on a lot of life’s richness and joys.

 

The Good News

The good news is, first, pessimism isn’t all bad; it does have its positive side.

The value of pessimism is that it lends itself to more accurate judgment in many cases.  The pessimist’s view of things isn’t distorted by enthusiasm or a bias toward best outcomes.  Pessimists are likely to be more aware of potential dangers and are more careful in risky situations.  They don’t overestimate their abilities.

Sometimes pessimistic people claim that they are more realistic than their optimistic counterparts.  And in general, they are right.  They tend to be more grounded in physical reality, often perceive it more accurately, and are good at observing details.

But not all pessimists are realists, and not all optimists distort reality.

Secondly, life-enhancing optimism is a skill that you can build.   As with any skill, all it takes is attention, a desire, some information and practice.

Next week we’ll look at methods you can use to boost your optimism to create a more flourishing life.

For now, do yourself a favor and take a few minutes to take the Learned Optimism Quiz so you can refer to it when we look at optimism’s parts, see what your scores mean,  and explore how to be a flexible optimist, capable of using both ends of the spectrum for optimum well-being.

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The Positive Power of Play

Polar Bear at PlayI don’t remember when I first heard the old saying, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”  It’s like one of those commercial jingles you hear when you were a kid, stuck in my mind forever.

Until I stumbled on some research about play recently, I thought it just meant that poor Jack was no fun.  I always pictured him sitting in a gray, dimly lit room working out math problems.  But it turns out that someone who, like Jack, never plays probably has a dull mind and spirit as well.

Play, the research says, is as necessary for our full flourishing as sleep, exercise and good nutrition

.
With all the pressure we’re under to produce in these economically challenging times, the idea that we should spend time playing has fallen off our radar.  It sounds really counter-intuitive to say that play is exactly what we need to do if we’re going to perform at our best.   Can you picture your supervisor coming over to you and saying, “Hey, Jack.  Why don’t you and Bill take a break and go shoot some hoops for a while?”

The Lost Wisdom of Play

But if she was wise, that might be exactly what a supervisor should do.  Play builds our inner resources and stimulates our minds.

 
Animals know it.  And so did our ancestors.   Treat yourself to play researcher Stuart Brown’s delightful talk at TED where he makes the case that play isn’t only fun, but vital to our well-being.   Look at the paintings he shares from 15th Century Europe where the town’s courtyard was full of people of all ages playing at all kinds of activities and games.  See his great photos of animals at play.

 
Boston College developmental psychologist  Peter Gray  agrees.  He says that play was the factor that helped early humans create cooperative societies, overcoming their tendencies toward aggression and dominance.

 
Today, in the words of 20th Century British pediatrician D.W. Winicott, we’re suffering from “a poverty of play.”

 
Gray even goes so far as to suggest that our current economic collapse is, in part, rooted in selfish actions that are symptoms of a society that has forgotten how to play.  That’s how important play is.

Dutch historian Johan Huizing (1872-1945) recognized the importance of play to civilization.  Here’s what he had to say:

“Ritual grew up in sacred play; poetry was born in play and nourished on play; music and dancing were pure play…We have to conclude, therefore, that civilization is, in its earliest phases, played.  It does not come from play; it arises in and as play, and never leaves it.”

The Positivity of Play

The originators of positive psychology  found  “playfulness and humor” so central to human flourishing that they named it as one of the 24 core character strengths of human beings.

And no wonder!  Here are some of the ways that play benefits us:

  • Play enhances relationships, connecting us more closely with family members, co-workers and friends.  It helps bond us to each other and to develop a sense of community.  It teaches us how to get along with others, and how to be sociable.  It teaches us about boundaries and how to follow agreed-upon rules. And it does all this in a context of freedom and fun.
  • Play builds our minds.  It stimulates imagination and creativity.  It heightens our sense of curiosity and leads us to new discoveries.
  • The opposite of play, says Stuart Brown, isn’t work; it’s depression.  Play produces pleasure, pumps out endorphins, and distracts us from both physical and emotional pain.
  • Labeling our tasks as “play” instead of as “work” makes us more successful at them.

Play and Flow

In many ways, play is similar to the enriching state of flow described by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, where we become so engrossed in what we’re doing that we forget everything else.  Our sense of passing time, and even our sense of self disappears.

In her book Deep Play, Diane Ackerman, who teaches creativity at Cornell, talks about a level of play where people enter an alternate reality, free of mental noise, that she describes as “liberating, soothing and exciting.  It means no analysis, no explanation, no promise, no goals, no worries.”

This isn’t the kind of “shallow play” that has to do with an activity.  It’s more of an attitude, she says.  But it’s definitely creative, a feeling of allowing experience to flow through you.

And deep engagement in anything that removes you from normal reality can happen anywhere, she says, “whether it be a playground, a field, a church or a garage.”

If you want to experience the joy of increased flow in your life, learning to play deeply is definitely one way to go.

Learning to Play Again

When we’re worn from work and seeking revitalization, all too often we plunk ourselves in front of a computer or TV, thinking we’ll somehow be magically restored.  But the hours pass, and we find we have barely enough energy to crawl into bed.

A far better prescription for restoring our life force and our joy is to learn to play again.   If you have forgotten how, here’s a wonderful little guide chock full of ideas.  It was written by Bernie DeKoven creator of deepfun.com, whose site I heartily recommend you visit.

I would tell you more about it, but he’s posted a game called “Applauding Leaves” that I personally find irresistible, and I’m going to go sit on my front porch and play it right now.  A girl has to practice what she preaches after all.

Take this article to heart.  Download the guide and visit DeKoven’s site.  Then create some fun in someone else’s life by clicking “like” or “+1” to pass it on.

 

 

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